Biodun Iginla, BBC News

Biodun Iginla, BBC News
Showing posts with label 'caliphate'. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 'caliphate'. Show all posts

Saturday, February 23, 2019

As 'caliphate' crumbles, IS women remain defiant


US-backed fighters on Friday trucked some 2,000 people out of the Islamic State group's last scrap of territory in eastern Syria
US-backed fighters on Friday trucked some 2,000 people out of the Islamic State group's last scrap of territory in eastern Syria AFP
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Near Baghouz (Syria) 
"My son will grow up to become a jihadist," a woman cried proudly as she stepped off a bus ferrying people out of the Islamic State group's last sliver of territory in eastern Syria.
Defiant and angry, she is one of 2,000 people evacuated Friday from the jihadists' final scrap of territory in the village of Baghouz near the Iraqi border.
At a screening point run by the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces close to the village, women clad in black sat on the barren desert floor waiting to be searched by the Kurdish-led fighters.
When asked where they came from, a group of three veiled women sitting on the rocky terrain said they were "followers" of IS's so-called "caliphate".
One of them, who refused to give her name but said she was Syrian and originally from the area, burst with anger when asked about the desperate conditions among the holdout jihadists.
"Who says we were hungry?" she asked, while gently nursing a newborn baby.
"In a house that has dates, the resident don't go hungry," she added.
Like many of those with her, she refused to acknowledge the steadily approaching end of IS's so-called "caliphate".
Declared across swathes of Syria and Iraq in 2014, the proto-state once the size of the United Kingdom has been rolled back to just a few blocks of homes in the desert hamlet.
She insisted the jihadists had only "stumbled", adding she never wanted to leave their final patch of territory.
"Had the caliph not ordered it, we would not have left," she said, referring to IS supremo Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi who remains at large.
"I hope the Islamic caliphate will return and spread across all corners of the globe."
- 'Proud he's our caliph' -
US-backed forces have evacuated nearly 5,000 men, women and children from the jihadist holdout since Wednesday, bringing the SDF closer to retaking the less than half a square kilometre still under IS control.
The SDF is trying to pull out the remaining civilians before pressing on with a final push to crush the jihadists, unless they surrender first.
Amid the wails of hungry infants at the screening point, another Syrian woman was similarly bold and unapologetic.
"We were scared of air strikes and nothing else," said Umm Abdul Rahman, from the southern province of Daraa, referring to life inside IS-held Baghouz.
"We feel very bad right now, but the Islamic caliphate, God willing, will not be defeated," said the 25-year-old.
She said she quit the redoubt with her husband, a wounded jihadist who she claimed has not fought in battle for years.
"We were comfortable" in Baghouz, she said.
When asked about IS leader Baghdadi, she said she was "proud he's our caliph".
"We used to only listen to his speeches," she said, suggesting she had not seen him in person.
After all, "he is the caliph and of course he is being monitored by everyone", she added.
"Is it possible for him to just appear in person?" she asked rhetorically.
Pronounced dead on several occasions, Baghdadi has not been seen in public since he declared the "caliphate" in 2014.
An Iraqi intelligence official said in May that Baghdadi was still alive, and likely to be in Syrian territory along the Iraqi border.
SDF officials have said he is not believed to be among the jihadists holed up in Baghouz.
- 'We are weak'-
At the SDF search point, the US-backed fighters separated the women from the men, who stood in a queue waiting to be searched.
Female SDF fighters nearby patted down the female evacuees, most of whom were fully veiled, as their children played on the rocky ochre terrain.
"(The SDF) wants to launch a (military) campaign and we are weak," said one woman, when asked why so many were pouring out of the village.
"We women are weak," she added.
Other women said the exodus was because life inside the IS redoubt was unbearable.
"You can't live inside and you can't even get out", said Sabah Mohammad Chehab, a Syrian in her twenties.
Originally from the northern city of Aleppo, she said smugglers are charging up to $2,000 (1,760 euros) to get people out shrinking patch.
"We are happy to have made it out," she said.

Saturday, November 18, 2017

Islamic State: Not dead yet but 'caliphate' dream in tatters


by Sunita Kureishi and Biodun Iginla, France24, BAGHDAD


    © AFP/File / by Ali Choukeir and Sarah Benhaida | Members of the Iraqi forces cheer as they carry an upside-down flag of the Islamic State (IS) group in Mosul on July 2, 2017

    BAGHDAD - 
    Its "caliphate" has imploded, its de facto capitals in Iraq and Syria have fallen, and hundreds of its fighters have either surrendered or fled.
    The Islamic State jihadist group may not be dead yet but its dream of statehood has already been buried, analysts say.
    No one in IS "will now think of imposing 'the territory of the caliphate'," said Hisham al-Hashemi, an Iraqi specialist on extremist movements.
    In 2014, self-proclaimed IS "caliph" Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ruled over seven million people in a territory as large as Italy encompassing large parts of Syria and nearly a third of Iraq.
    This new "territory of Islam" -- Dar al-Islam in Arabic -- attracted thousands of jihadists from around the world, many accompanied by their wives and children.
    The city of Raqa became the de facto Syrian capital, while Baghdadi made his only public appearance in a mosque in Mosul, Iraq's second largest city and once a major Middle East trading hub.
    In all of the cities the jihadist group controlled, the black banner of IS flew above the buildings of a new administration.
    Courts, hospitals and other official bodies even issued birth or marriage certificates or verdicts and other decrees on IS letterhead.
    But less than four years after its sweeping offensive stunned the world, IS has lost almost all of the territory it controlled along with the precious income from oilfields that funded its activities.
    "In the course of recent battles, especially Mosul, a huge number of jihadis have died," said Kirk Sowell, publisher of Inside Iraqi Politics.
    "Subsequent to that defeat, many others have surrendered or simply fled the country or are trying to melt into the population."
    According to the US-led coalition fighting IS, the jihadists have lost 95 percent of the cross-border caliphate they declared in 2014.
    - Ever-tightening noose -
    Hashemi said that after suffering such heavy losses, "even what might remain of IS would not think of returning" to the idea of ??military and administrative control of territory.
    And the routed group has been confined in Iraq to "four percent of the territory: wadis, oases and desert areas" without any population, along the porous border with Syria where it has also been cornered into an ever-tightening noose.
    In addition to the Syrian and Iraqi armies, the remaining jihadists face myriad forces backed by Russia, the United States or Iran, often at odds with each other over their differing regional interests.
    "The caliphate project ran up against geopolitical realities," according to Karim Bitar of the Paris-based Institute of International and Strategic Affairs.
    As a result, "the international jihadi galaxy is likely to revert to its previous strategy of de-territorialisation and revert to strikes against the 'distant enemy' in the West or Russia to show it must still be reckoned with," he added.
    There is already a figurehead waiting in the wings.
    IS was born of the ashes of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and Al-Qaeda before it, and Hashemi said that despite the "caliphate" going down in flames, a new organisation is beginning to emerge.
    "Most veterans of IS and Al-Qaeda in Iraq are now regrouping in Syria" where jihadist groups still occupy many areas, he said.
    These fighters -- "the most indoctrinated and most disciplined" -- have since September been forming the "Ansar al-Furqan group, led by Hamza bin Laden", the son and would-be heir of Osama bin Laden.
    The younger bin Laden has become active as an Al-Qaeda propagandist since his father's death at the hands of US special forces in 2011 in Pakistan.
    In January, the United States added Hamza bin Laden to its terrorist blacklist.
    His father may be dead, but the bin Laden name continues to attract recruits, Hashemi said.