The EU is beginning a new operation in the southern Mediterranean to intercept boats smuggling migrants.
Under Operation Sophia, naval vessels will be able to board, search, seize and divert vessels suspected of being used for human smuggling.
Until now, the EU has focused on surveillance and rescue operations.
So
far this year, more than 130,000 migrants and refugees have crossed to
Europe from the north African coast. More than 2,700 have drowned.
However,
many more migrants and refugees - mainly Syrians fleeing the country's
civil war - are taking a different route, crossing overland into Turkey,
before a short journey by sea to European Union member Greece and
onwards to central and northern European countries, with Germany the
preferred destination.
The migrant crisis is expected to be one
of the issues raised when German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French
President Francois Hollande make a rare joint address to the European
Parliament in Strasbourg on Wednesday.
The only previous such address was in 1989 with then French President Francois Mitterrand and the German leader Helmut Kohl. Europe migrant crisis - in depth
Analysis: James Reynolds, BBC News, Rome
The
limits of the EU's mission are obvious. Its warships will have to stick
to international waters - meaning that they will have to stay 12
nautical miles away from the Libyan coast.
It's not immediately
clear whether or not six warships, together with support helicopters and
drones, will make a practical difference to the number of journeys
begun by smugglers and migrants.
On some days, around 20 migrant ships set sail from the Libyan coast.
The
EU eventually hopes to move to a third, more aggressive phase of its
operation - by operating within Libya's own territorial waters. But this
will only be possible with the approval of either the UN Security
Council or Libya itself. Europe set to start seizing smugglers EU migrant boat seizures 'won't stop crime gangs' Migrant crisis in graphics What is next route for migrants?
The
huge numbers of migrants reaching Europe have led to a crisis within
the EU, with member states at odds on how to deal with the influx.
The deadliest voyages are from Libya to Italy.
The EU launched the first phase of its operation, called EUNavfor Med,
in June, using naval surveillance to detect smugglers' boats and
monitor smuggling patterns from Libya towards Italy and Malta. Image copyrightAPImage caption
The EU operation is dubbed Sophia after a baby born to a rescued Somali woman on a German frigate in August
Operation Sophia - the second phase - has been named
after a baby born on an EU ship that rescued her mother off the coast
of Libya in August.
From its headquarters in Rome, the operation's
commander, Rear Adm Enrico Credendino, will oversee several EU warships
in the Mediterranean, including the British frigate HMS Richmond.
His
deputy, Rear Adm Herve Blejean told the BBC that six ships were being
used "to start to dismantle this business model by trying to apprehend
some suspected smugglers".
Adm Blejean said he hoped four more
vessels would soon join the operation, staffed with professionals who
were ready to deal with any threats or resistance they might encounter. Image copyrightAPImage caption
Many asylum seekers are fleeing war and poverty in Africa and the Middle East
A senior migration expert has warned, however, that the EU operation in the Mediterranean will fail unless the bloc also fights criminal gangs in Europe.
Eugenio
Ambrosi, of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), said
the "transnational criminal rings of traffickers are the same as those
involved in weapons and drugs".
"The boats are not the reason for
the smuggling," Mr Ambrosi said, adding that if efforts are just focused
on the boats, "the nucleus of the criminals remains untouched".
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